Advice to Adventists for a Proper Egyptian Chronology
---None of these scholars designed their list of chronology of Egypt after
reading the Bible.
---Many of them are agnostic or atheistic both in their scientific methods
and ontology.
---The High Chronology can be recommended by this researcher as the one
that connected with the Bible the best.
---The W. Shea, K. van Wyk, R. Davidson, J. Nam publications supporting
970 BC as the end of the 480 years of 1 Kings 6:1, works the best for much of the
archaeological data available regarding these Pharaohs:
-a daughter of the Pharaoh finding Moses at the biblical chronological
date of Moses’ birth
-a Pharaoh died while Moses was hiding in Midian since 1490 BC
-The oldest brother who died the morning the Pharaoh died
-Thutmosis III died in the morning
-The sarcophage of Thutmosis III has a young man of 35 years old in it.
-Thutmosis III died exactly the date of the Exodus in biblical chronology
-The High chronology is also supported by G. Mendenhall.
-The Tomb of Thutmosis III had two different teams working on it: a
careful team who was replaced by a careless team who due to superstition just
wanted to finish and get out of the tomb. Careless painting methods. Quick
work.
-Wrapping around the oldest son of Thutmosis III in his father;s sarcophagi in the Oriental Institute cited the Book of the Dead that worms may not devour his father [composed by Amenhotep II, successor of Thutmosis III]. Why worm-fear for a mummy? His father’s body was never found.
-The comment of Kenneth Kitchen in Anchor Bible 1992 that someone who uses 480 years to calculate the Exodus date is "lazy" and his preference to shift the Bible to the side and work with his own data, raises the eyebrows of many biblical Archaeologists, I hope.
-The rule is that the Bible is also a Umwelt source and should be treated with the same dignity and honor that any other datum from the Levant is treated both in texts and in the tells.
Table 1. Early Dynasty XVIII chronology
RULER HIGH 181 CONVENTIONAL 182 LOW 183 DERSTINE 184
Ahmose 1570-1546 1552-1527 1539-1515 1547-1525
Amenhotep I 1546-1526 1527-1507 1514-1494 1525-1504
Sothic date of Amenhotep’s 9 th year - III Shemu 9 = July 11, 1517
Thutmose I 1525-c. 1512 1507-1494 1493-1483 1504-1490
Thutmose II c. 1512-1504 1494-1490 1482-1480 1490-1488
Hatshepsut 1503-1482 1490-1469 1479-1458 1490-1468
Thutmose III 1504-1450 1490-1436 1479-1425
1490-1436
Amenhotep II 1450-1425 1438-1412 1425-1400 1440-1414
[Adjusted for the mobile phone friendliness]
Now repeated for Internet
Table 1. Early Dynasty XVIII chronology
RULER HIGH 181 CONVENTIONAL 182 LOW 183 DERSTINE 184
Ahmose 1570-1546 1552-1527 1539-1515 1547-1525
Amenhotep I 1546-1526 1527-1507 1514-1494 1525-1504
Sothic date of Amenhotep’s 9 th year - III Shemu 9 = July 11, 1517
Thutmose I 1525-c. 1512 1507-1494 1493-1483 1504-1490
Thutmose II c. 1512-1504 1494-1490 1482-1480 1490-1488
Hatshepsut 1503-1482 1490-1469 1479-1458 1490-1468
Thutmose III 1504-1450 1490-1436 1479-1425 1490-1436
Amenhotep II 1450-1425 1438-1412 1425-1400 1440-1414
181 I.E.S.
Edwards, C.J. Gadd, N.G.L. Hammond, E. Sollberger, eds., The Cambridge
Ancient History, vol. 2, pt. 1: The Middle East and the Aegean Region,
c.1800–1380 BC,
Third edition (Cambridge, 1973) 819.
182 Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East ca. 3000-330 BC, vol. 1, 186.
183 Hornung, Krauss, and Warburton, “Chronological Table,” 492.
184 The chronology proposed here falls securely within the ranges in C.B. Ramsey, et al., “Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt,” Science 328 (2010) 1554-1557, which “used 211 radiocarbon measurements made on samples from short-lived plants, together with a Bayesian model incorporating historical information on reign lengths, to produce a chronology for dynastic Egypt” (p. 1554). Statistically-modeled accession dates for the early New Kingdom monarchs included in the study are expressed as ranges followed by the percent confidence in parentheses: Ahmose 1566-1552 (68%) 1570-1544 (95%), Amenhotep I 1541-1527 (68%) 1545-1519 (95%), Thutmose III 1494-1483 (68%) 1498-1474 (95%), Hatshepsut 1488-1477 (68%) 1492-1468 (95%), and Amenhotep II 1441-1431 (68%) 1445-1423 (95%). Ramsey, et al., noted that their analysis rules out the lower dates for the beginning of the New Kingdom endorsed by Hornung, Krauss, and Warburton in Ancient Egyptian Chronology and D. Franke, “Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches (12.-18. Dynastie) Teil 1 : Die 12. Dynastie,” Or 57 (1988) 113.
Source: Philip Derstine,
Early “Eighteenth Dynasty Chronology and Thutmoside Succession”, in Göttinger
Miszellen 252 (2017), pp. 41-59. Downloaded from https://www.academia.edu/35127438/Early_Eighteenth_Dynasty_Chronology_and_Thutmoside_Succession_pp_41_59_in_G%C3%B6ttinger_Miszellen_252_2017_ For a fuller
discussion of the data see “Directions and Dilemmas surrounding the Date of the
Exodus” pp. 100ff. from the following source: https://www.academia.edu/79740448/Archaeology_in_the_Bible_and_Text_in_the_Tel_K_Van_Wyk_Book_1996