Advice to Adventists for a Proper Egyptian Chronology

---None of these scholars designed their list of chronology of Egypt after reading the Bible.

---Many of them are agnostic or atheistic both in their scientific methods and ontology.

---The High Chronology can be recommended by this researcher as the one that connected with the Bible the best.

---The W. Shea, K. van Wyk, R. Davidson, J. Nam publications supporting 970 BC as the end of the 480 years of 1 Kings 6:1, works the best for much of the archaeological data available regarding these Pharaohs:

-a daughter of the Pharaoh finding Moses at the biblical chronological date of Moses’ birth

-a Pharaoh died while Moses was hiding in Midian since 1490 BC

-The oldest brother who died the morning the Pharaoh died

-Thutmosis III died in the morning

-The sarcophage of Thutmosis III has a young man of 35 years old in it.

-Thutmosis III died exactly the date of the Exodus in biblical chronology

-The High chronology is also supported by G. Mendenhall.

-The Tomb of Thutmosis III had two different teams working on it: a careful team who was replaced by a careless team who due to superstition just wanted to finish and get out of the tomb. Careless painting methods. Quick work.

-Wrapping around the oldest son of Thutmosis III in his father;s sarcophagi in the Oriental Institute cited the Book of the Dead that worms may not devour his father [composed by Amenhotep II, successor of Thutmosis III]. Why worm-fear for a mummy? His father’s body was never found.

-The comment of Kenneth Kitchen in Anchor Bible 1992 that someone who uses 480 years to calculate the Exodus date is "lazy" and his preference to shift the Bible to the side and work with his own data, raises the eyebrows of many biblical Archaeologists, I hope. 

-The rule is that the Bible is also a Umwelt source and should be treated with the same dignity and honor that any other datum from the Levant is treated both in texts and in the tells. 

Table 1. Early Dynasty XVIII chronology

RULER            HIGH 181      CONVENTIONAL 182     LOW 183    DERSTINE 184

Ahmose               1570-1546     1552-1527     1539-1515    1547-1525

Amenhotep I   1546-1526    1527-1507     1514-1494   1525-1504

Sothic date of Amenhotep’s 9 th year - III Shemu 9 = July 11, 1517

Thutmose I    1525-c. 1512   1507-1494     1493-1483     1504-1490

Thutmose II c.     1512-1504     1494-1490     1482-1480     1490-1488

Hatshepsut    1503-1482     1490-1469     1479-1458     1490-1468

Thutmose III   1504-1450   1490-1436      1479-1425     1490-1436

Amenhotep II       1450-1425     1438-1412     1425-1400     1440-1414

[Adjusted for the mobile phone friendliness]

Now repeated for Internet

Table 1. Early Dynasty XVIII chronology

RULER            HIGH 181      CONVENTIONAL 182     LOW 183    DERSTINE 184

Ahmose               1570-1546     1552-1527     1539-1515    1547-1525

Amenhotep I     1546-1526           1527-1507    1514-1494    1525-1504

Sothic date of Amenhotep’s 9 th year - III Shemu 9 = July 11, 1517

Thutmose I             1525-c. 1512          1507-1494     1493-1483     1504-1490

Thutmose II c.           1512-1504     1494-1490     1482-1480     1490-1488

Hatshepsut            1503-1482     1490-1469     1479-1458     1490-1468

Thutmose III            1504-1450    1490-1436       1479-1425     1490-1436

Amenhotep II             1450-1425     1438-1412     1425-1400     1440-1414

181 I.E.S. Edwards, C.J. Gadd, N.G.L. Hammond, E. Sollberger, eds., The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 2, pt. 1: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c.1800–1380 BC, Third edition (Cambridge, 1973) 819.

182 Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East ca. 3000-330 BC, vol. 1, 186.

183 Hornung, Krauss, and Warburton, “Chronological Table,” 492.

184 The chronology proposed here falls securely within the ranges in C.B. Ramsey, et al., “Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt,” Science 328 (2010) 1554-1557, which “used 211 radiocarbon measurements made on samples from short-lived plants, together with a Bayesian model incorporating historical information on reign lengths, to produce a chronology for dynastic Egypt” (p. 1554). Statistically-modeled accession dates for the early New Kingdom monarchs included in the study are expressed as ranges followed by the percent confidence in parentheses: Ahmose 1566-1552 (68%) 1570-1544 (95%), Amenhotep I 1541-1527 (68%) 1545-1519 (95%), Thutmose III 1494-1483 (68%) 1498-1474 (95%), Hatshepsut 1488-1477 (68%) 1492-1468 (95%), and Amenhotep II 1441-1431 (68%) 1445-1423 (95%). Ramsey, et al., noted that their analysis rules out the lower dates for the beginning of the New Kingdom endorsed by Hornung, Krauss, and Warburton in Ancient Egyptian Chronology and D. Franke, “Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches (12.-18. Dynastie) Teil 1 : Die 12. Dynastie,” Or 57 (1988) 113. 

Source:

Philip Derstine, Early “Eighteenth Dynasty Chronology and Thutmoside Succession”, in Göttinger Miszellen 252 (2017), pp. 41-59. Downloaded from

https://www.academia.edu/35127438/Early_Eighteenth_Dynasty_Chronology_and_Thutmoside_Succession_pp_41_59_in_G%C3%B6ttinger_Miszellen_252_2017_

For a fuller discussion of the data see “Directions and Dilemmas surrounding the Date of the Exodus” pp. 100ff. from the following source:

https://www.academia.edu/79740448/Archaeology_in_the_Bible_and_Text_in_the_Tel_K_Van_Wyk_Book_1996